![]() Among them, exosomes have a lipid bilayer with a diameter of 40–200 nm, a buoyant density of 1.13–1.18 g/ml in the sucrose gradient, and a cup-shaped appearance under an electron microscope. They are widely distributed in multiple body fluids, such as saliva, breast milk, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, bile, and urine. The data presented in our study help define the protein and miRNA landscapes of three exosomes, predict their biological functions via systematic and comprehensive network analysis at the system level, and reveal their respective potential applications in different fields so as to optimize exosome selection in preclinical and clinical trials.Įxtracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny vesicles actively secreted by cells, mainly containing exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies. In comparison, hESC exosomes (hESC-Exos) were superior in regulating development, metabolism, and anti-aging, and hiPSC exosomes (hiPSC-Exos) had similar biological functions as hESC-Exos, whereas hUC-MSCs exosomes (hUC-MSC-Exos) contributed more to immune regulation. Resultsīased on our study, the cargos from three types of exosomes contribute to sophisticated biological processes. Finally, the western blot and RT-qPCR were performed to detect the actual loads of proteins and miRNAs in three types of exosomes. Then, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis to identify the dominant biological processes and pathways modulated by exosome cargos. High-throughput sequencing was performed to determine miRNA profiles. Tandem mass tag labeling and label-free relative peptide quantification together defined their proteomics. In this study, we isolated exosomes from hESCs, hiPSCs, and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) via classic ultracentrifugation and a 0.22-μm filter, followed by the conservative identification. However, the proteomics and miRNA profiles of exosomes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) remain unclear. Increasing studies have reported the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes by which protein and miRNA are clearly characterized.
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